Fake Court Notices Deliver XWorm

Cybersecurity News · High sophistication
Last updated October 28, 2026

Attackers targeted Colombian organizations with Spanish-language emails posing as urgent court notices. The messages use legal-looking JavaScript or VBScript attachments, sometimes inside ZIP files, to install XWorm and give criminals remote control of the victim’s computer. Employees should independently verify unexpected legal notices and avoid opening script-file attachments.

Key findings

  • The campaign uses Spanish-language emails that impersonate Colombian judicial or administrative communications.
  • Attachments are JavaScript or VBScript files, sometimes delivered inside ZIP archives, and use legal-document-style filenames.
  • Opening the attachment launches hidden PowerShell activity that downloads and runs XWorm.
  • XWorm can collect device information, run commands, capture screens, manage files, load plugins, and launch DDoS activity.
  • The campaign reused a loader previously associated with a separate XWorm case and infrastructure seen across multiple samples.

Who’s being targeted

  • Commonly targeted roles: All employees in Colombian organizations, Legal teams, Compliance teams, Human Resources, Administrative staff, Finance staff, IT and security teams.
  • Affected industries: Colombian organizations, Government and judicial services, Legal and administrative departments.
  • Attack channels: email.
  • Impersonated: A Colombian court or government administrative body, A Colombian judicial authority.

Awareness takeaways

  • Verify unexpected court notices through the court’s official contact details or portal before opening any attachment.
  • Treat .js and .vbs attachments as high risk, even when their names resemble legal, HR, or administrative documents.
  • Do not let urgency override verification; attackers deliberately use court-case themes because recipients may feel compelled to act immediately.
  • Be cautious of ZIP files or public file-hosting links used to deliver documents that were not expected.

Red flags to watch for

  • The supposed legal document is a .js or .vbs script rather than a PDF or document file.
  • The notice is unexpected and creates urgency around a court case.
  • The attachment filename imitates legal paperwork but is an executable script.
  • A ZIP archive is used for what should be a routine legal notice.
  • The extracted file is a JavaScript file rather than a PDF.
  • The sender requests action on an unverified legal matter.
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Read the video transcript

An urgent Colombian court notice lands in your inbox. Would you open it? Here’s the trick: ACTA_NOTIFICA_TUTELA.js sounds like paperwork. But .js runs code. Opening it starts hidden PowerShell, which downloads XWorm and gives someone remote control of your computer. It may arrive as NOTIFICA_ACTO_PROCESO_TUTELA_PDF.zip. Extract it and the supposed PDF is another .js file. That’s the giveaway: legal-looking name, executable ending. Unexpected court notice? Before opening any attachment, confirm the case through the court’s official portal.

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